USS Maine (1889)

Starboard bow view of USS Maine, 1898
Class overview
Builders	New York Naval Shipyard, Brooklyn
Operators	United States Navy
Succeeded by	USS New York (ACR-2)
Built	1888–1895
In commission	1895–1898
Completed	1
Lost	1
History
United States
Name	Maine
Namesake	State of Maine
Ordered	3 August 1886
Builder	New York Naval Shipyard
Laid down	17 October 1888
Launched	18 November 1889
Sponsored by	Alice Tracy Wilmerding
Commissioned	17 September 1895
Fate	Sunk by explosion in Havana Harbor, Havana, Cuba, 15 February 1898 Remains scuttled in the Strait of Florida, 16 March 1912
General characteristics
Type	Armored cruiser or second-class battleship
Displacement	6,682 long tons (6,789 t)
Length	324 ft 4 in (98.9 m) overall length
Beam	57 ft (17.4 m)
Draft	22 ft 6 in (6.9 m) (max)
Installed power	8 × boilers 9,293 ihp (6,930 kW)
Propulsion	2 × triple-expansion steam engines 2 × screws
Speed	16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph)
Range	3,600 nmi (6,700 km; 4,100 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement	374 officers and men
Armament	2 × twin 10 in (254 mm) guns 6 × single 6 in (152 mm) guns 7 × single 6-pdr (57 mm (2.2 in)) guns 4 × single 1-pdr (37 mm (1.5 in)) Hotchkiss guns 4 × single Driggs-Schroeder 1-pdr guns 4 × .45-70 Gatling guns 4 × 18 in (450 mm) torpedo tubes
Armor	Belt: 12 in (305 mm) Deck: 2–3 in (51–76 mm) Turrets: 8 in (203 mm) Conning tower: 10 in (254 mm) Bulkheads: 6 in (152 mm)

Maine was a United States Navy ship that sank in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, contributing to the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April. U.S. newspapers, engaging in yellow journalism to boost circulation, claimed that the Spanish were responsible for the ship's destruction. The phrase, "Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain!" became a rallying cry for action. Although the Maine explosion was not a direct cause, it served as a catalyst that accelerated the events leading up to the war.

Maine is described as an armored cruiser or second-class battleship, depending on the source. Commissioned in 1895, she was the first U.S. Navy ship to be named after the state of Maine.^[a][1][2] Maine and its contemporary the battleship Texas were both represented as an advance in American warship design, reflecting the latest European naval developments. Both ships had two-gun turrets staggered en échelon, and full sailing masts were omitted due to the increased reliability of steam engines.^[3] Due to a protracted 9-year construction period, Maine and Texas were obsolete by the time of completion.^[3] Far more advanced vessels were either in service or nearing completion that year.

Maine was sent to Havana Harbor to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban War of Independence. She exploded and sank on the evening of 15 February 1898, killing 268 sailors, or three-quarters of her crew. In 1898, a U.S. Navy board of inquiry ruled that the ship had been sunk by an external explosion from a mine. However, some U.S. Navy officers disagreed with the board, suggesting that the ship's magazines had been ignited by a spontaneous fire in a coal bunker. The coal used in Maine was bituminous, which is known for releasing firedamp, a mixture of gases composed primarily of flammable methane that is prone to spontaneous explosions. An investigation by Admiral Hyman Rickover in 1974 agreed with the coal fire hypothesis, penning a 1976 monograph that argued for this conclusion. The cause of her sinking remains a subject of debate.^[4]

The ship lay at the bottom of the harbor until 1911, when a cofferdam was built around it.^[5] The hull was patched up until the ship was afloat, then she was towed to sea and sunk. Maine now lies on the seabed 3,600 feet (1,100 m) below the surface. The ship's main mast is now a memorial in Arlington National Cemetery.

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